Volume 176, 24 December 2015, Pages 135–176
Review
- a Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala 799022, Tripura, India
- b Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur 799114, Gomati Tripura, India
- c Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Lalchera, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
- d Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Received 18 May 2015, Revised 17 October 2015, Accepted 17 October 2015, Available online 21 October 2015
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Sida
L. (Malvaceae) has been used for centuries in traditional medicines in
different countries for the prevention and treatment of different
diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal and urinary
infections, malarial and other fevers, childbirth and miscarriage
problems, skin ailments, cardiac and neural problems, asthma, bronchitis
and other respiratory problems, weight loss aid, rheumatic and other
inflammations, tuberculosis, etc.
Aims of this review
To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic potential of Sida L. and to identify the gaps of future research needs.
Methods
The available information on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Sida
species was collected via a library and electronic searches in
SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar for the period,
1933–2015.
Results
A variety of ethnomedicinal uses of Sida
species have been found in India, China, Afrian and American countries.
Phytochemical investigation of this genus has resulted in
identification of about 142 chemical constituents, among which
alkaloids, flavonoids and ecdysteroids are the predominant groups. The
crude extracts and isolates have exhibited a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo
pharmacological effects involving antimicrobial, analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, abortifacient, neuroprotective, cardiovascular and
cardioprotective, antimalarial, antitubercular, antidiabetic and
antiobesity, antioxidant and nephroprotective activities among others.
Ethnopharmacological preparations containing Sida species as an
ingredient in India, African and American countries possess good
efficacy in health disorders. From the toxicity perspective, only three Sida species have been assessed and found safe for oral use in rats.
Conclusions
Pharmacological results supported some of the uses of Sida
species in the traditional medicine. Alkaloids, flavonoids, other
phenolics and ecdysteroids were perhaps responsible for the activities
of extracts of the plants of this genus. No clinical study was reported.
The detailed study on mechanism of action of isolates and extracts and
their clinical study are needed for their use in modern medicine. More
attention should be paid to Sida acuta, Sida cordifolia, Sida spinosa, Sida rhombifolia and Sida veronicaefolia
in the domain of diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal and urinary
infections, skin ailments, asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory
problems, malaria, childbirth and miscarriage problems, cardiac and
neural problems, weight loss aid, and rheumatic and other inflammations,
etc. Furthermore, detailed study on quality and safety assurance data
on available ethnopharmacological preparations is needed for their
commercial exploitation in local and global markets.
